{ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 1, "id": "d83ea9a5", "metadata": { "execution": { "iopub.execute_input": "2026-10-02T14:45:51.577355Z", "iopub.status.busy": "2026-10-02T14:45:51.577111Z", "iopub.status.idle": "2026-10-02T14:45:51.583157Z", "shell.execute_reply": "2026-10-02T14:45:51.582747Z" }, "papermill": { "duration": 0.013187, "end_time": "2026-10-02T14:45:51.585253+00:00", "exception": false, "start_time": "2026-10-02T14:45:51.572066+00:00", "status": "completed" }, "tags": [ "remove-input", "active-ipynb", "remove-output" ] }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "try:\n", " from openmdao.utils.notebook_utils import notebook_mode # noqa: F401\n", "except ImportError:\n", " !python -m pip install openmdao[notebooks]" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "0de7eda7", "metadata": { "papermill": { "duration": 0.104707, "end_time": "2026-10-02T14:45:51.692535+00:00", "exception": false, "start_time": "2026-10-02T14:45:51.587828+00:00", "status": "completed" }, "tags": [] }, "source": [ "# View Connections of a Model\n", "\n", "## View Connections from Command Line\n", "\n", "The `openmdao view_connections` command generates a table of connection information for all input and\n", "output variables in the model. For more in-depth documentation, see [openmdao view_connections](om-command-view-connections).\n", "\n", "## View Connections from Script\n", "\n", "You can also generate a display of model connections from within a script by calling the function `view_connections`.\n", "\n", "```{eval-rst}\n", " .. autofunction:: openmdao.visualization.connection_viewer.viewconns.view_connections\n", " :noindex:\n", "```\n", "\n", "Here is an example of how this function can be used." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 2, "id": "cc41bb5e", "metadata": { "execution": { "iopub.execute_input": "2026-10-02T14:45:51.698381Z", "iopub.status.busy": "2026-10-02T14:45:51.698158Z", "iopub.status.idle": "2026-10-02T14:45:55.310638Z", "shell.execute_reply": "2026-10-02T14:45:55.309907Z" }, "papermill": { "duration": 3.61538, "end_time": "2026-10-02T14:45:55.311236+00:00", "exception": false, "start_time": "2026-10-02T14:45:51.695856+00:00", "status": "completed" }, "tags": [ "remove-input", "remove-output" ] }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "application/papermill.record/text/html": "
class SellarNoDerivatives(om.Group):\n    """\n    Group containing the Sellar MDA. This version uses the disciplines without derivatives.\n    """\n\n    def initialize(self):\n        self.options.declare('nonlinear_solver', default=None,\n                             desc='Nonlinear solver for Sellar MDA')\n        self.options.declare('nl_atol', default=None,\n                             desc='User-specified atol for nonlinear solver.')\n        self.options.declare('nl_maxiter', default=None,\n                             desc='Iteration limit for nonlinear solver.')\n        self.options.declare('linear_solver', default=None,\n                             desc='Linear solver')\n        self.options.declare('ln_atol', default=None,\n                             desc='User-specified atol for linear solver.')\n        self.options.declare('ln_maxiter', default=None,\n                             desc='Iteration limit for linear solver.')\n\n    def setup(self):\n        cycle = self.add_subsystem('cycle', om.Group(), promotes=['x', 'z', 'y1', 'y2'])\n        cycle.add_subsystem('d1', SellarDis1(), promotes=['x', 'z', 'y1', 'y2'])\n        cycle.add_subsystem('d2', SellarDis2(), promotes=['z', 'y1', 'y2'])\n\n        self.add_subsystem('obj_cmp', om.ExecComp('obj = x**2 + z[1] + y1 + exp(-y2)',\n                                                  z=np.array([0.0, 0.0]), x=0.0),\n                           promotes=['x', 'z', 'y1', 'y2', 'obj'])\n\n        self.add_subsystem('con_cmp1', om.ExecComp('con1 = 3.16 - y1'), promotes=['con1', 'y1'])\n        self.add_subsystem('con_cmp2', om.ExecComp('con2 = y2 - 24.0'), promotes=['con2', 'y2'])\n\n        self.set_input_defaults('x', 1.0)\n        self.set_input_defaults('z', np.array([5.0, 2.0]))\n\n        nl = self.options['nonlinear_solver']\n        if nl:\n            self.nonlinear_solver = nl() if inspect.isclass(nl) else nl\n        if self.options['nl_atol']:\n            self.nonlinear_solver.options['atol'] = self.options['nl_atol']\n        if self.options['nl_maxiter']:\n            self.nonlinear_solver.options['maxiter'] = self.options['nl_maxiter']\n\n    def configure(self):\n        ln = self.options['linear_solver']\n        if ln:\n            self.cycle.linear_solver = ln() if inspect.isclass(ln) else ln\n        if self.options['ln_atol']:\n            self.cycle.linear_solver.options['atol'] = self.options['ln_atol']\n        if self.options['ln_maxiter']:\n            self.cycle.linear_solver.options['maxiter'] = self.options['ln_maxiter']\n
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\\PY{n+nb+bp}{self}\\PY{o}{.}\\PY{n}{options}\\PY{p}{[}\\PY{l+s+s1}{\\PYZsq{}}\\PY{l+s+s1}{nl\\PYZus{}maxiter}\\PY{l+s+s1}{\\PYZsq{}}\\PY{p}{]}\n\n \\PY{k}{def}\\PY{+w}{ }\\PY{n+nf}{configure}\\PY{p}{(}\\PY{n+nb+bp}{self}\\PY{p}{)}\\PY{p}{:}\n \\PY{n}{ln} \\PY{o}{=} \\PY{n+nb+bp}{self}\\PY{o}{.}\\PY{n}{options}\\PY{p}{[}\\PY{l+s+s1}{\\PYZsq{}}\\PY{l+s+s1}{linear\\PYZus{}solver}\\PY{l+s+s1}{\\PYZsq{}}\\PY{p}{]}\n \\PY{k}{if} \\PY{n}{ln}\\PY{p}{:}\n \\PY{n+nb+bp}{self}\\PY{o}{.}\\PY{n}{cycle}\\PY{o}{.}\\PY{n}{linear\\PYZus{}solver} \\PY{o}{=} \\PY{n}{ln}\\PY{p}{(}\\PY{p}{)} \\PY{k}{if} \\PY{n}{inspect}\\PY{o}{.}\\PY{n}{isclass}\\PY{p}{(}\\PY{n}{ln}\\PY{p}{)} \\PY{k}{else} \\PY{n}{ln}\n \\PY{k}{if} \\PY{n+nb+bp}{self}\\PY{o}{.}\\PY{n}{options}\\PY{p}{[}\\PY{l+s+s1}{\\PYZsq{}}\\PY{l+s+s1}{ln\\PYZus{}atol}\\PY{l+s+s1}{\\PYZsq{}}\\PY{p}{]}\\PY{p}{:}\n \\PY{n+nb+bp}{self}\\PY{o}{.}\\PY{n}{cycle}\\PY{o}{.}\\PY{n}{linear\\PYZus{}solver}\\PY{o}{.}\\PY{n}{options}\\PY{p}{[}\\PY{l+s+s1}{\\PYZsq{}}\\PY{l+s+s1}{atol}\\PY{l+s+s1}{\\PYZsq{}}\\PY{p}{]} \\PY{o}{=} \\PY{n+nb+bp}{self}\\PY{o}{.}\\PY{n}{options}\\PY{p}{[}\\PY{l+s+s1}{\\PYZsq{}}\\PY{l+s+s1}{ln\\PYZus{}atol}\\PY{l+s+s1}{\\PYZsq{}}\\PY{p}{]}\n \\PY{k}{if} \\PY{n+nb+bp}{self}\\PY{o}{.}\\PY{n}{options}\\PY{p}{[}\\PY{l+s+s1}{\\PYZsq{}}\\PY{l+s+s1}{ln\\PYZus{}maxiter}\\PY{l+s+s1}{\\PYZsq{}}\\PY{p}{]}\\PY{p}{:}\n \\PY{n+nb+bp}{self}\\PY{o}{.}\\PY{n}{cycle}\\PY{o}{.}\\PY{n}{linear\\PYZus{}solver}\\PY{o}{.}\\PY{n}{options}\\PY{p}{[}\\PY{l+s+s1}{\\PYZsq{}}\\PY{l+s+s1}{maxiter}\\PY{l+s+s1}{\\PYZsq{}}\\PY{p}{]} \\PY{o}{=} \\PY{n+nb+bp}{self}\\PY{o}{.}\\PY{n}{options}\\PY{p}{[}\\PY{l+s+s1}{\\PYZsq{}}\\PY{l+s+s1}{ln\\PYZus{}maxiter}\\PY{l+s+s1}{\\PYZsq{}}\\PY{p}{]}\n\\end{Verbatim}\n", "application/papermill.record/text/plain": "class SellarNoDerivatives(om.Group):\n \"\"\"\n Group containing the Sellar MDA. This version uses the disciplines without derivatives.\n \"\"\"\n\n def initialize(self):\n self.options.declare('nonlinear_solver', default=None,\n desc='Nonlinear solver for Sellar MDA')\n self.options.declare('nl_atol', default=None,\n desc='User-specified atol for nonlinear solver.')\n self.options.declare('nl_maxiter', default=None,\n desc='Iteration limit for nonlinear solver.')\n self.options.declare('linear_solver', default=None,\n desc='Linear solver')\n self.options.declare('ln_atol', default=None,\n desc='User-specified atol for linear solver.')\n self.options.declare('ln_maxiter', default=None,\n desc='Iteration limit for linear solver.')\n\n def setup(self):\n cycle = self.add_subsystem('cycle', om.Group(), promotes=['x', 'z', 'y1', 'y2'])\n cycle.add_subsystem('d1', SellarDis1(), promotes=['x', 'z', 'y1', 'y2'])\n cycle.add_subsystem('d2', SellarDis2(), promotes=['z', 'y1', 'y2'])\n\n self.add_subsystem('obj_cmp', om.ExecComp('obj = x**2 + z[1] + y1 + exp(-y2)',\n z=np.array([0.0, 0.0]), x=0.0),\n promotes=['x', 'z', 'y1', 'y2', 'obj'])\n\n self.add_subsystem('con_cmp1', om.ExecComp('con1 = 3.16 - y1'), promotes=['con1', 'y1'])\n self.add_subsystem('con_cmp2', om.ExecComp('con2 = y2 - 24.0'), promotes=['con2', 'y2'])\n\n self.set_input_defaults('x', 1.0)\n self.set_input_defaults('z', np.array([5.0, 2.0]))\n\n nl = self.options['nonlinear_solver']\n if nl:\n self.nonlinear_solver = nl() if inspect.isclass(nl) else nl\n if self.options['nl_atol']:\n self.nonlinear_solver.options['atol'] = self.options['nl_atol']\n if self.options['nl_maxiter']:\n self.nonlinear_solver.options['maxiter'] = self.options['nl_maxiter']\n\n def configure(self):\n ln = self.options['linear_solver']\n if ln:\n self.cycle.linear_solver = ln() if inspect.isclass(ln) else ln\n if self.options['ln_atol']:\n self.cycle.linear_solver.options['atol'] = self.options['ln_atol']\n if self.options['ln_maxiter']:\n self.cycle.linear_solver.options['maxiter'] = self.options['ln_maxiter']" }, "metadata": { "scrapbook": { "mime_prefix": "application/papermill.record/", "name": "code_src73" } }, "output_type": "display_data" } ], "source": [ "from openmdao.utils.notebook_utils import get_code\n", "from myst_nb import glue\n", "glue(\"code_src73\", get_code(\"openmdao.test_suite.components.sellar.SellarNoDerivatives\"), display=False)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "684f6b6c", "metadata": { "papermill": { "duration": 0.001255, "end_time": "2026-10-02T14:45:55.313982+00:00", "exception": false, "start_time": "2026-10-02T14:45:55.312727+00:00", "status": "completed" }, "tags": [] }, "source": [ ":::{dropdown} `SellarNoDerivatives` class definition \n", "\n", "{glue:}`code_src73`\n", ":::" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 3, "id": "0c39c58f", "metadata": { "execution": { "iopub.execute_input": "2026-10-02T14:45:55.320249Z", "iopub.status.busy": "2026-10-02T14:45:55.320032Z", "iopub.status.idle": "2026-10-02T14:45:56.736034Z", "shell.execute_reply": "2026-10-02T14:45:56.733512Z" }, "papermill": { "duration": 1.419961, "end_time": "2026-10-02T14:45:56.736737+00:00", "exception": false, "start_time": "2026-10-02T14:45:55.316776+00:00", "status": "completed" }, "tags": [ "remove-output" ] }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "[1790952356.711020] [runnervm8df0l:10253:0] ib_iface.c:1269 UCX ERROR mana_0: iface 0x560ff205c380 failed to create UD QP TX wr:256 sge:6 inl:64 resp:0 RX wr:4096 sge:1 resp:0 failed: Operation not supported\n", "[1790952356.711307] [runnervm8df0l:10253:0] ucp_worker.c:1412 UCX ERROR uct_iface_open(ud_verbs/mana_0:1) failed: Input/output error\n" ] }, { "name": "stderr", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "[runnervm8df0l:10253] pml_ucx.c:313 Error: Failed to create UCP worker\n" ] }, { "data": { "text/html": [ "\n", " \n", " " ], "text/plain": [ "" ] }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" } ], "source": [ "import openmdao.api as om\n", "from openmdao.test_suite.components.sellar import SellarNoDerivatives\n", "\n", "prob = om.Problem()\n", "prob.model = SellarNoDerivatives()\n", "\n", "prob.setup()\n", "prob.final_setup()\n", "\n", "om.view_connections(prob, outfile= \"sellar_connections.html\", show_browser=False)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "20cffda0", "metadata": { "papermill": { "duration": 0.001388, "end_time": "2026-10-02T14:45:56.739691+00:00", "exception": false, "start_time": "2026-10-02T14:45:56.738303+00:00", "status": "completed" }, "tags": [] }, "source": [ "In this example, an HTML file named `sellar_connections.html` is created. This file can then be opened using using your browser. The page will look like this." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 4, "id": "5937de39", "metadata": { "execution": { "iopub.execute_input": "2026-10-02T14:45:56.776552Z", "iopub.status.busy": "2026-10-02T14:45:56.776327Z", "iopub.status.idle": "2026-10-02T14:45:56.790542Z", "shell.execute_reply": "2026-10-02T14:45:56.789737Z" }, "papermill": { "duration": 0.017202, "end_time": "2026-10-02T14:45:56.791044+00:00", "exception": false, "start_time": "2026-10-02T14:45:56.773842+00:00", "status": "completed" }, "tags": [ "remove-input" ] }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/html": [ "\n", " \n", " " ], "text/plain": [ "" ] }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" } ], "source": [ "from openmdao.test_suite.components.sellar import SellarNoDerivatives\n", "\n", "prob = om.Problem()\n", "prob.model = SellarNoDerivatives()\n", "\n", "prob.setup()\n", "prob.final_setup()\n", "\n", "om.view_connections(prob, outfile= \"sellar_connections.html\", show_browser=False)" ] } ], "metadata": { "celltoolbar": "Tags", "kernelspec": { "display_name": "Python 3", "language": "python", "name": "python3" }, "language_info": { "codemirror_mode": { "name": "ipython", "version": 3 }, "file_extension": ".py", "mimetype": "text/x-python", "name": "python", "nbconvert_exporter": "python", "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", "version": "3.13.14" }, "orphan": true, "papermill": { "default_parameters": {}, "duration": 7.879649, "end_time": "2026-10-02T14:45:58.019935+00:00", "environment_variables": {}, "exception": null, "input_path": "/home/runner/work/OpenMDAO/OpenMDAO/openmdao/docs/openmdao_book/features/model_visualization/view_connections.ipynb", "output_path": "/home/runner/work/OpenMDAO/OpenMDAO/openmdao/docs/_executed_book/features/model_visualization/view_connections.ipynb", "parameters": {}, "start_time": "2026-10-02T14:45:50.140286+00:00", "version": "2.7.0" } }, "nbformat": 4, "nbformat_minor": 5 }